Dr. Floridah Maritim and Trezer Odero

A rice field in Bura Irrigation Scheme in Tana River Photo| Trezer Odero

Rice farming has long been a critical part of the agricultural landscape in Kenya. Yet, for decades, farmers struggled with low yields, pests and diseases, and the high cost of production, which kept them trapped in a cycle of poverty and subsistence farming. The advent of Komboka rice has marked a significant turning point in this narrative, offering a beacon of hope and prosperity to farmers across the region.

Before the introduction of Komboka rice, Kenya’s rice farmers faced numerous challenges. Traditional rice varieties were often susceptible to diseases such as blast and bacterial blight, resulting in low yields and poor-quality harvests. Water scarcity and erratic weather patterns further compounded these problems, making rice farming a risky venture. Farmers had to invest heavily in inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, which ate into their already meager profits. Consequently, rice production remained stagnant, and Kenya continued to rely heavily on imports to meet its domestic demand.

Recognizing the urgent need for a solution, the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in partnership with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) embarked on a mission to develop a more resilient and high-yielding rice variety. This collaboration culminated in the creation of Komboka rice, a game-changer for the Kenyan rice sector.

Dr. Rosemary Murori (IRRI) gifts Dr. Ruth Musila (CD, KALRO Mwea) at KALRO Mwea. Photo| Trezer Odero

The research journey began with a thorough analysis of the challenges faced by local farmers. Scientists from KALRO and IRRI conducted field visits and consultations to understand the specific needs and constraints. They then applied advanced breeding techniques to develop a rice variety that could thrive under Kenyan conditions. Komboka rice was subjected to rigorous testing in various agro-ecological zones to ensure its adaptability and performance.

Dr. Ruth Musila the Centre Director at KALRO Industrial Crops Research Centre Mwea, is a rice breeder. The scientist notes that Komboka rice is a milestone in the Kenyan rice production landscape due to its early maturity, high yields and resistant to pests and diseases. “The bird damage by quelea quelea birds has been a menace in rice production but with Komboka rice, the upright flag leaf does not encourage perching of birds and therefore control the effect of these birds,” says Dr. Musila

Dr. Ruth Musila poses for a photo with a branded packet of Komboka rice

Komboka rice was specifically engineered to address the unique challenges faced by Kenyan farmers. It boasts several advantageous traits:

• High Yielding: The variety has been bred to produce higher yields compared to traditional varieties, significantly increasing farmers’ productivity. In trials, Komboka rice demonstrated a yield potential of up to 30-40 bags per acre  under optimal conditions, compared to the national average of 15-20 bags per acre  for other varieties (each bag is 100 kgs)  With good management the same yield is achievable in its ratoon
• Disease Resistance: Komboka rice is highly resistant to common rice diseases such as blast and bacterial blight, reducing the need for chemical interventions. This resistance is a critical factor in ensuring higher yields and better-quality produce.
• Drought Tolerant: Komboka rice is better equipped to withstand periods of water scarcity, ensuring more stable harvests even in adverse weather conditions. This trait is particularly important in regions prone to erratic rainfall and drought.
• Early Maturing: The rice matures faster, allowing farmers to plant and harvest more frequently. Komboka rice has a maturity period of about 110-120 days, compared to the 150-180 days required by traditional varieties. This enables farmers to achieve multiple cropping cycles within a year, maximizing their output.

These features make Komboka rice an attractive option for farmers looking to improve their livelihoods and break free from the cycle of poverty.

The partnership between KALRO and IRRI has been instrumental in the development and dissemination of Komboka rice. KALRO brought local expertise and an understanding of the specific challenges faced by Kenyan farmers, while IRRI contributed its global experience in rice research and breeding. Together, they conducted extensive field trials, involving farmers in the process to ensure the new variety met their needs and preferences.

KALRO and IRRI worked together on training programs to educate farmers about the benefits and cultivation techniques of Komboka rice. They organized field days, demonstration plots, and farmer field schools to facilitate knowledge transfer and adoption. The success of this collaboration is a testament to the power of international cooperation in addressing local agricultural challenges.

Many farmers who have adopted Komboka rice have seen remarkable improvements in their farming operations. Mr. John Macharia, the lead rice farmer at Bura Irrigation Scheme underscored that when he began rice farming, he experienced challenges of low yields and pest and disease manifestation but from the moment he ventured into Komboka rice farming he has witnessed an increase in his yields. “I have trained other farmers on Komboka rice and of the farmers I have trained, they have experienced high yields, the semi-aromatic nature of Komboka, and the ability of Komboka to keep a household satisfied for a long time as compared to the other rice varieties, poses Mr. Macharia.

Mr. John Macharia, lead Komboka rice farmer at the Bura Irrigation Scheme

Mary Akinyi Origa, a rice farmer from Bura in Tana River, shares her experience as well. She testifies “Before Komboka, my yields were low, and I barely made enough to support my family. However, since  I switched to Komboka rice, my production has doubled, and I have been able to invest to better my living standards by bringing building materials and sending my children to schools using returns from Komboka rice.”

Listening to another farmer, John Gitau, a contracted rice seed farmer at Hola Scheme in Tana River, echoes this sentiment: “Komboka rice has transformed my life. The crop is drought tolerant which means I no longer worry about losing my crop during dry spells. My income has increased too, and I can now afford to expand my farm.”

Mr. John Gitau (contracted rice seed farmer) with Mr. Silas Chebon (Seed Inspector from KEPHIS Tana River County) ahead of harvesting rice at Gitau’s farm

Further testimonials reveal the broader impact of Komboka rice on the farming community. Immaculate Wanjera, a farmer from Bura, notes, “With Komboka rice, I spend less on pesticides and fertilizers, which means more profit. The shorter maturity period allows me to plan better and ensure a steady income throughout the year.”

Immaculate shows off her seats bought from returns from Komboka rice farming during a visit by Dr. Ruth Musila Photo| Trezer Odero

Today, Komboka rice is rapidly gaining popularity among Kenyan farmers. The higher yields and reduced need for chemical inputs have translated into increased incomes and improved livelihoods for many. The success of Komboka rice has also had positive ripple effects on the wider community, contributing to food security and reducing the country’s dependence on rice imports.

The adoption of Komboka rice is supported by government initiatives and policies aimed at promoting agricultural innovation and sustainability. The Ministry of Agriculture has included Komboka rice in its extension programs, providing technical support and subsidies to encourage widespread adoption. Additionally, local cooperatives and farmer associations are playing a crucial role in distributing seeds and facilitating access to markets.

2 kg packaged Komboka rice ready for sale Photo courtesy of MRGM

As Kenya continues to face the challenges of climate change and population growth, the development and adoption of resilient crop varieties like Komboka rice will be crucial. The story of Komboka rice is not just one of agricultural innovation; it is a story of hope, resilience, and the transformative power of science and collaboration in improving lives.

In conclusion, the journey of Komboka rice from its inception to its current status is a remarkable example of how targeted agricultural research and international partnerships can bring about significant positive change. As more farmers embrace this new variety, the future looks bright for Kenya’s rice sector and the many families who depend on it for their livelihoods.

Komboka rice at a retail shop ready for sale Photo|Trezer Odero