Effects of genotype and in vitro media composition
Abstract
Fifteen introductions and locally bred elite sugar cane (Saccharum genus) clones- Co945, Co617, Co331, Co1148, Co6415, Co421, EAK 71-183, EAK 71-402, EAK 69-47, EAK 70-97, KEN 82-847, KEN 82-216, N 14 (Natal, South Africa), Phil 5460 and CB 38-22 were cultured into plantlets from leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Callus was induced from leaf ex-plants in MS media supplemented with dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) at 1.5, 3 and 4.5 mgl-1. Effects of 2, 4-D on callus fresh weights was highly significant (P = 0.01). Effects of genotypes on callus fresh weights and interaction between 2, 4-D and genotypes were significantly (P = 0.05) different. Simple effects of 8 genotypes-Co945, Co421, Co6415, Co331, EAK 71-183, EAK 71-402, EAK 69-47, EAK 70-97-at 2 levels of 2, 4-D (1.5 and 3 mg L-1) were significant (P < 0.05). The 8 genotypes produced significantly more callus at 3 mg L-1 of 2, 4-D than at 1.5 mg L-1. Genotype EAK 69-47 produced the heaviest callus fresh weight followed by Co6415. Genotypes Co617 and Co1148 did not produce significantly heavier callus at 3 mg L-1 than at 1.5 mg L-1 2, 4-D. Seedlings with shoots and roots were regenerated from callus in MS media supplemented with 10% (v/v) filter-sterilised coconut water. The number of plantlets regenerated per callus increased linearly (Y = 22.71 + 1.33X, r2 = 0.61, r = 0.78) with callus fresh weights. Further multiplication of seedlings was optimal in MS medium plus 2 mg L- 1 BAP, while root development was optimised at 2mgL-1 IBA or NAA. The number of plantlets multiplied per sucker were linearly (Y = 8.2 + 0.97x, r2 = 0.86) related to callus fresh weights.
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