Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Different Legume Extracts on Selected Pathogens of Sorghum
Abstract
Plants consist of various secondary metabolite compounds on their barks, flowers, leaves and fruits. Plant extracts have been reported to exhibit insecticidal, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Secondary metabolites (saponins, flavonoids, tanins, triterponoid and glucosides) and plant based pesticides have got minimal effect to the environment compared to synthetic pesticides. The inhibitory activity of dolichos and soybean extracts (leaf, root, stem) were evaluated against two test fungi; Fusarium moniliforme and Colletotrichum sublineolum that causes stem rot and foliar diseases respectively resulting in low yields in sorghum. An aqueous extract was prepared by blending fresh legume extracts and the homogenate centrifuged at 14000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a supernatant and sterilized at 121 0C for 15minutes. Culturing of sorghum infected tissues was done using poisoned food technique and incubated under alternating 12- hour light and 12- hour darkness to induce sporulation. Data on Inhibitory index, mycelia diameter and percent inhibition were recorded. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and results presented on tables, trellis plot and graphs. Extracts of dolichos leaves had the highest inhibitory (92.34%) effect on mycelia growth of Colletotrichum sublineolum followed by Soybean leaves (91.3%) while soybean stem extracts had the highest inhibition (62.87%) of mycelia growth on Fusarium moniliforme. This study suggests the use of legume plant extracts as natural fungicides.
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